The universal scaling of kinetic freeze-out parameters across different collision systems at the LHC energy

TL;DR

This study reveals a universal scaling behavior of kinetic freeze-out parameters across various collision systems at the LHC, suggesting a common partonic evolution stage regardless of system size.

Contribution

It demonstrates that kinetic freeze-out temperature, radial flow velocity, and non-extensive parameter scale universally across different collision systems at LHC energies.

Findings

Universal scaling of freeze-out parameters observed

Indicates a common partonic evolution stage

Supports the Tsallis Blast-Wave model applicability

Abstract

In this paper, we perform the Tsallis Blast-Wave analysis on the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons produced in a wide range of collision systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) including pp, pPb, XeXe and PbPb collisions. The kinetic freeze-out properties are investigated across these systems varying with the event multiplicity. We find that the extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature, radial flow velocity and the non-extensive parameter exhibit a universal scaling behavior for these systems with very different geometric size, especially when the independent baryon Tsallis non-extensive parameter is considered. This universality may indicate the existence of a unified partonic evolution stage in different collision systems at the LHC energies.