Collective dynamics of the unbalanced three-level Dicke model

TL;DR

This paper investigates a generalized three-level Dicke model with tunable interactions, revealing complex quantum phases, stable inverted states, and potential for high-fidelity atomic state preparation.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of a three-level Dicke model with independent co- and counter-rotating couplings, uncovering novel phase behaviors and stabilization mechanisms.

Findings

Identification of multiple superradiant phases

Discovery of stable inverted spin states due to dissipation

Control of stability regions via interaction imbalance

Abstract

We study a three-level Dicke model in V-configuration under both closed and open conditions. With independently tunable co- and counter-rotating coupling strength of the interaction Hamiltonian, this model is a generalization of the standard Dicke model that features multiple distinct parameter regimes. Based on a mean-field approach and third quantization analysis, it is found that the system exhibits rich quantum phase behaviours, including distinct superradiant fixed points, multi-phase coexistence and limit cycle oscillation. In particular, the cavity dissipation stabilizes a family of inverted spin coherent steady states, whose stability region can be enlarged or reduced by properly tuning the imbalance between the co- and counter-rotating interactions. This property provide a conceptually new scenario to prepare coherent atomic state with high fidelity.