Critical diffraction of irregular structure detonations and their predictability from experimentally obtained D-K data

TL;DR

This study investigates detonation diffraction in 2D channels for various hydrocarbon-oxygen mixtures, demonstrating that critical diffraction can be predicted by models based on maximum front curvature and experimental data, supporting the validity of hydrodynamic average models.

Contribution

It introduces a new experimental dataset on detonation diffraction in 2D channels and validates a curvature-based model for predicting critical diffraction conditions.

Findings

Critical initial pressures for diffraction are reported for three mixtures.

The curvature-based model aligns well with experimental and independent measurements.

Critical diffraction can be predicted using maximum detonation front curvature.

Abstract

The present work reports new experiments of detonation diffraction in a 2D channel configuration in stoichiometric mixtures of ethylene, ethane, and methane with oxygen as oxidizer. The flow field details are obtained using high-speed schlieren near the critical conditions of diffraction. The critical initial pressure for successful diffraction is reported for the ethylene, ethane and methane mixtures. The flow field details revealed that the lateral portion of the wave results in a zone of quenched ignition. The dynamics of the laterally diffracting shock front are found in good agreement with the recent model developed by Radulescu et al. (Physics of Fluids 2021). The model provides noticeable improvement over the local models using Whitham's characteristic rule and Wescott, Bdzil and Stewart's model for weakly curved reactive shocks. These models provide a link between the critical channel height and the critical wave curvature. The critical channel heights and global curvatures are found in very good agreement with the critical curvatures measured independently by Xiao and Radulescu (Combust. Flame 2020) in quasi-steady experiments in exponential horns for three mixtures tested. Furthermore, critical curvature data obtained by others in the literature was found to provide a good prediction of critical diffraction in 2D. These findings suggest that the critical diffraction of unstable detonations may be well predicted by a model based on the maximum curvature of the detonation front, where the latter is to be measured experimentally and account for the role of the cellular structure in the burning mechanism. This finding provides support to the view that models for unstable detonations at a meso-scale larger than the cell size, i.e., hydrodynamic average models, are meaningful.