Ubiquitous light real-space pairing from long-range hopping and interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how long-range hopping and interactions in an extended Hubbard model lead to the formation of light, strongly bound pairs with potential for high-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation, especially in tetragonal lattices.

Contribution

It demonstrates that extended hopping and interactions promote light pairs with specific symmetries, providing insights into conditions for high-temperature BECs in lattice systems.

Findings

Presence of $t'$ and $V'$ promotes light pairs.

$d$-symmetry pairs can be lighter than non-interacting particles.

Estimated transition temperature for BEC of pairs is around 0.1 times the geometric mean of hoppings.

Abstract

We systematically examine how long-range hopping and its synergy with extended interactions leads to light bound pairs. Pair properties are determined for a dilute extended Hubbard model with large on-site repulsion ($U$) and both near- and next-nearest neighbour hopping ($t$ and $t'$) and attraction ($V$ and $V'$), for cubic and tetragonal lattices. The presence of $t'$ and $V'$ promotes light pairs. For tetragonal lattices, $t'<0$ pairs can be lighter than non-interacting particles, and $d$-symmetric pairs form. Close packing transition temperatures, $T^{\ast}$ are estimated for the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of pairs to be $k_{B}T^{\ast}\sim\overline{t} 0.1$, where $\overline{t}$ is the geometric mean of the hoppings on the Cartesian axes. When pairs have $d$-symmetry, the condensate has $d$-wave character. Thus, the presence of both $t'$ and $V'$ leads ubiquitously to small strongly bound pairs with an inverse mass that is linear in hopping, which could lead to high temperature BECs.