Small-angle neutron scattering of long-wavelength magnetic modulations in reduced sample dimensions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how near-surface small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can effectively analyze long-wavelength magnetic structures in thin films and micro-structured materials by reducing background noise, providing a comprehensive set of expected scattering patterns.

Contribution

It establishes the equivalence of near-surface SANS patterns with traditional geometries and predicts scattering patterns for various magnetic phases in thin films.

Findings

Near-surface SANS reduces substrate background interference.

Equivalent scattering patterns are established for bulk and near-surface geometries.

Predicted scattering patterns for thin film magnetic phases.

Abstract

Magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is ideally suited to provide direct, reciprocal-space information of long-wavelength magnetic modulations, such as helicoids, solitons, merons, or skyrmions. SANS of such structures in thin films or micro-structured bulk materials is strongly limited by the tiny scattering volume vis a vis the prohibitively large background scattering by the substrate and support structures. Considering near-surface scattering closely above the critical angle of reflection, where unwanted signal contributions due to substrate or support structures becomes very small, we establish equivalent scattering patterns of the helical, conical, skyrmion lattice, and fluctuation-disordered phases in a polished bulk sample of MnSi between conventional transmission and near-surface SANS geometries. This motivates the prediction of a complete repository of scattering patterns expected for thin films in the near-surface SANS geometry for each orientation of the magnetic order with respect to the scattering plane.