Searching for candidates of coalescing binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in GWTC-3

TL;DR

This study uses Bayesian inference to analyze GWTC-3 binary black hole events, providing evidence that one event likely formed through the chemically homogeneous evolution channel and estimating merger rates for different formation scenarios.

Contribution

It offers the first Bayesian analysis of GWTC-3 BBH events with priors for different formation channels, highlighting the potential of the CHE channel for specific events.

Findings

Strong evidence for GW190517_055101 formed via CHE

Lower limits on merger rates: 11.45 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (CEE), 0.18 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (CHE), 0.63 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (SMT)

CHE channel is a plausible formation pathway for some BBHs

Abstract

The LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has announced 90 coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) with $p_{\rm astro} > 50\%$ to date, however, the origin of their formation channels is still an open scientific question. Given various properties of BBHs (BH component masses and individual spins) inferred using the default priors by the LVK, independent groups have been trying to explain the formation of the BBHs with different formation channels. Of all formation scenarios, the chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) channel has stood out with distinguishing features, namely, nearly-equal component masses and preferentially high individual spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We perform Bayesian inference on the BBH events officially reported in GWTC-3 with astrophysically-predicted priors representing different formation channels of the isolated binary evolution (CEE: common-envelope evolution channel; CHE; SMT: stable mass transfer). Given assumed models, we report strong evidence for GW190517\_055101 being most likely to have formed through the CHE channel. Assuming the BBH events in the subsample are all formed through one of the isolated binary evolution channels, we obtain the lower limits on the local merger rate density of these channels at $11.45 ~\mathrm{Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ (CEE), $0.18 ~\mathrm{Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ (CHE), and $0.63 ~\mathrm{Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ (SMT) at $90\%$ credible level.