Ultra high energy cosmic rays from past activity of Andromeda galaxy
V.N. Zirakashvili, V.S. Ptuskin, and S.I. Rogovaya
TL;DR
This paper proposes that past activity of Andromeda's supermassive black hole jets could be the primary source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays observed on Earth, with detailed spectral modeling and composition analysis.
Contribution
It introduces a model linking Andromeda's black hole jets to observed cosmic rays, including spectral predictions and composition details for the first time.
Findings
Jets produce multi-PeV cosmic rays with light composition.
Bow shocks generate most of the cosmic ray energy.
Heavy cosmic rays originate directly from the jet.
Abstract
It is shown that the relativistic jets associated with the growth and past activity of the supermassive black hole in the Andromeda galaxy could be the main source of cosmic rays with energies above eV. Most of the cosmic ray energy is related to a bow shock of the jet that produces multi-PeV cosmic rays with light composition. The highest energy cosmic rays with heavy composition are produced in the jet itself. The spectra of energetic particles produced in Andromeda galaxy and propagated to the Earth are calculated and compared with observations.
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