Space Weather Observations, Modeling, and Alerts in Support of Human Exploration of Mars
James L. Green, Chuanfei Dong, Michael Hesse, C. Alex Young, Vladimir, Airapetian

TL;DR
Developing advanced space weather models and alert systems for Mars is crucial to protect future human explorers from extreme solar events and radiation hazards, requiring international collaboration and fundamental research.
Contribution
Proposes a comprehensive framework for space weather observation, modeling, and alert systems tailored for Mars, highlighting the need for new models and international cooperation.
Findings
Modeling of a Carrington-type CME at Mars shows significant surface magnetic disturbances.
Extreme space weather events could produce large radiation doses on Mars surface.
A proposed alert system could provide rapid, actionable warnings for human explorers.
Abstract
Space weather observations and modeling at Mars have begun but they must be significantly increased to support the future of Human Exploration on the Red Planet. A comprehensive space weather understanding of a planet without a global magnetosphere and a thin atmosphere is very different from our situation at Earth so there is substantial fundamental research remaining. It is expected that the development of suitable models will lead to a comprehensive operational Mars space weather alert (MSWA) system that would provide rapid dissemination of information to Earth controllers, astronauts in transit, and those in the exploration zone (EZ) on the surface by producing alerts that are delivered rapidly and are actionable. To illustrate the importance of such a system, we use a magnetohydrodynamic code to model an extreme Carrington-type coronal mass ejection (CME) event at Mars. The results…
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Taxonomy
TopicsPlanetary Science and Exploration · Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics · Spaceflight effects on biology
