MARS: Message Passing for Antenna and RF Chain Selection for Hybrid Beamforming in MIMO Communication Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces MARS, a message-passing based scheme for antenna and RF chain selection in hybrid beamforming for MIMO systems, reducing power consumption and improving energy efficiency.

Contribution

It proposes a novel message-passing enhanced antenna and RF chain selection scheme (MARS) with sequential and parallel algorithms, outperforming existing benchmarks in power efficiency.

Findings

MARS schemes converge effectively in simulations.

MARS-P balances power consumption and convergence speed.

Proposed methods outperform existing architectures in energy efficiency.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a prospective receiving hybrid beamforming structure consisting of several radio frequency (RF) chains and abundant antenna elements in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Due to conventional costly full connections, we design an enhanced partially connected beamformer employing a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-based structure. As a benefit of the LDPC-based structure, information can be exchanged among clustered RF/antenna groups, which results in a low computational complexity order. Advanced message passing (MP) capable of inferring and transferring information among different paths is designed to support the LDPC-based hybrid beamformer. We propose a message-passing enhanced antenna and RF chain selection (MARS) scheme for minimizing the operational power of antennas and RF chains of the receiver as well as hybrid beamforming. Furthermore, sequential and parallel MP schemes for MARS are designed, namely, MARS-S and MARS-P, respectively, to address the convergence speed issue. A heuristic genetic algorithm is designed for receiving hybrid beamforming, comprising gene generation initialization, elite selection, crossover, and mutation. Simulations validate the convergence of both the MARS-P and the MARS-S algorithms. Due to the asynchronous information transfer of MARS-P, it requires higher power than MARS-S, which strikes a compelling balance among power consumption, convergence, and computational complexity. It is also demonstrated that the proposed MARS scheme outperforms the existing benchmarks using the heuristic method of fully/partially connected architectures in the open literature by requiring the lowest power and realizing the highest energy efficiency.