Intermittent emission of particles from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice

TL;DR

This paper studies how a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice emits particles intermittently when interactions are periodically modulated, revealing a stair-like decay and build-up dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a perturbative analysis revealing the intermittent emission regime and the build-up stage in a driven Bose-Einstein condensate system.

Findings

Emission is distinctly intermittent rather than continuous.

Larger drive induces more significant intermittency.

System exhibits a stair-like decay in particle number.

Abstract

We investigate particle emission from a Bose-Einstein condensate with periodically modulated interactions in a one-dimensional lattice. Within perturbative analysis, which leads to instabilities for discrete modes, we obtain the main regimes where the system can emit a large particle jet, and find that the emission is distinctly intermittent rather than continuous. The time evolution of the trapped particles exhibits a stair-like decay, and a larger drive induces a more significant intermittency. We further shed light on the dynamics of the stimulating process, and demonstrate that instead of a real suspension, the intermittency represents a build-up stage of the system. The theoretical framework might be generalized to the explorations on multiple-site systems with analogous configurations and couplings, and offer new insights into other fundamental nonequilibrium problems.