Conoscopic interferometry for optimal acoustic pulse detection in ultrafast acoustics

TL;DR

This paper models and experimentally validates how conoscopic interferometry enhances acoustic wave detection sensitivity in ultrafast acoustics, achieving up to 8 times higher sensitivity than traditional methods.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking interferometry sensitivity to setup parameters and demonstrates optimal configurations for maximum detection sensitivity.

Findings

Maximal sensitivity occurs at diaphragm edges on dark fringes.

Conoscopic interferometry can be 8x more sensitive than beam distortion detection.

Model validation confirms the physical origin of increased sensitivity.

Abstract

Conoscopic interferometry is a promising detection technique for ultrafast acoustics. By focusing a probe beam through a birefringent crystal before passing it through a polarizer, conoscopic interferences sculpt the spatial profile of the beam. The use of these patterns for acoustic wave detection revealed a higher detection sensitivity over existing techniques, such as reflectometry and beam distortion detection. However, the physical origin of the increased sensitivity is unknown. In this work, we present a model, describing the sensitivity behaviour of conoscopic interferometry with respect to the quarter-wave plate orientation and the diaphragm aperture, which is validated experimentally. Using the model, we optimize the detection sensitivity of conoscopic interferometry. We obtain a maximal sensitivity of detection when placing the diaphragm edge on the dark fringes of the conoscopic interference patterns. In the configurations studied in this work, conoscopic interferometry can be 8x more sensitive to acoustic waves than beam distortion detection.