Brane cosmology with variable tension

TL;DR

This paper explores brane-world cosmology with variable tension, deriving new effective field equations and analyzing scale invariance, revealing relationships between physical constants and proposing a toy model for varying fundamental constants.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of variable brane tension into brane-world models and derives the resulting effective field equations under scale invariance assumptions.

Findings

Gravitational constant $ppa^2$ decreases with tension

Cosmological constant $mbda$ decreases quadratically with tension

A toy model for varying fundamental constants is proposed

Abstract

We study brane-world models and demonstrate that such models do not admit self-similar solutions through the matter collineation approach. By introducing the hypothesis of variable brane tension, $\lambda,$ we outline the new effective field equation (EFE) in the most simple case (symmetric embedding) under the assumption that the fundamental constants in 5D are constants. In this case, we find the exact form that each physical quantity may take in order that the EFE become invariant under scale transformations. By taking into account such assumptions, we find that in 4D, the gravitational constant $\kappa^{2}\thicksim\lambda$ while the cosmological constant $\Lambda\thicksim\lambda^{2}$ are always decreasing. These results are quite general and valid for any homogeneous self-similar metric. Nevertheless, the study of the EFE under scale symmetries suggests that $\rho\thicksim\lambda$ (as a functional relationship). This allows to get a growing $\kappa^{2}$ but, in this case, the fundamental constants in 5D must vary as well. We outline a toy model allowing such a possibility.