Redundant Field Survey Data of Cyclotron with Imperfect Median Plane

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the imperfect median plane symmetry in cyclotron field data, using the TRIUMF 500 MeV cyclotron as a case study, and proposes correction methods to improve beam dynamics calculations.

Contribution

It introduces a method to identify and correct redundant and erroneous survey data in cyclotron field maps, enhancing the accuracy of beam dynamics simulations.

Findings

Corrected azimuthal and axial field components significantly improve orbit calculations.

Redundancy analysis reveals measurement errors in historical field data.

Adjusted trim coil settings reduce vertical orbit centering errors below 1.5 cm.

Abstract

An accurate and detailed field map is important for cyclotron beam dynamics studies. During the long history of cyclotron studies, many techniques have been developed by cyclotron pioneers for the treatment of median plane field map. In this paper, we take the TRIUMF 500 MeV cyclotron as an example to study the asymmetric field resulting from the imperfect median plane symmetry. The ``Gordon approach'' and a highly accurate compact finite differentiation method are used to investigate the historical field survey data. The redundancy in the survey data is revealed by the expansion method, which also makes it possible to correct the error in the measurement. Finally, both the azimuthal field $B_\theta$ and the axial gradient of the axial field $dB_z/dz$ in the median plane are corrected using the radial field map $B_r$. The influence of the correction is examined by recalculating the equilibrium orbit properties of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The result shows significantly increased vertical centering errors of the closed orbits. Further simulation study suggests that these centering errors can be reduced to below 1.5 cm by adjusting the trim coils' $B_r$ field within the output limits of our trim coils' power supplies. The error in the measurement field data may explain why the calculated trim coils' settings during the cyclotron commissioning in 1974 encountered difficulty.