Partially coherent Airy beams: A cross-spectral density approach

TL;DR

This paper investigates the propagation and coherence properties of partially coherent Airy beams using a cross-spectral density approach, revealing conditions under which their shape invariance and self-acceleration are preserved.

Contribution

It introduces a cross-spectral density framework to analyze partially coherent Airy beams, connecting classical and quantum descriptions, and identifies conditions for property preservation in finite energy scenarios.

Findings

Shape invariance and self-acceleration are preserved in infinite energy beams regardless of coherence.

In finite energy beams, these properties are maintained within a critical propagation distance.

The critical distance depends on the beam's spatial fluctuation parameters.

Abstract

Airy beams are known for displaying shape invariance and self-acceleration along the transverse direction while they propagate forwards. Although these properties could be associated with the beam coherence, it has been revealed that they also manifest in the case of partially coherent Airy-type. Here, these properties are further investigated by introducing and analyzing a class of partially coherent Airy beams under both infinite and finite energy conditions. The key element within the present approach is the so-called cross-spectral density, which enables a direct connection with the quantum density matrix, making the analysis exportable to the quantum realm to study the dynamics of Airy wave packets acted by both incoherence and decoherence. As it is shown, in the case of infinite energy beams both properties are preserved even under the circumstance of total incoherence provided the underlying structure of the beam remains equal to that of an Airy beam. In the case of finite energy beams, a situation closer to a realistic scenario, as experimental beams cannot have an infinite extension, it is shown that a propagation range along which both properties are preserved can be warranted. This is controlled by a critical distance, which depends on the spread range determined by the parameters ruling the extension of random field spatial fluctuations. Such a distance is determined by defining a position-dependent parameter that quantifies the degree of overlapping between the propagated beam and the input one displaced by an amount equivalent to the propagation distance.