Probing fluctuations and correlations of strangeness by net-kaon cumulants in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ GeV

TL;DR

This study uses a multiphase transport model to analyze net-kaon fluctuations and correlations in Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV, providing insights into strangeness dynamics and serving as a baseline for critical point searches.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of net-kaon cumulants and correlations during collision evolution, incorporating charge conservation and a new coalescence mechanism, to understand strangeness fluctuations.

Findings

AMPT model qualitatively reproduces STAR net-kaon cumulant ratios.

Reveals key effects of strangeness production, diffusion, and hadronization on fluctuations.

Net-kaon fluctuations serve as a proxy for net-strangeness fluctuations.

Abstract

We calculate the cumulants and correlation functions of net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ GeV using a multiphase transport model (AMPT) with both a new coalescence mechanism and all charge conservation laws. The AMPT model can qualitatively describe the centrality dependences of the net-kaon cumulants and cumulant ratios measured by the STAR experiment. By focusing on the stage evolution of the cumulants, cumulant ratios, and correlation functions, we reveal several key effects on the fluctuations and correlations of strangeness during the dynamical evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, including strangeness production and diffusion, hadronization, hadronic rescatterings, and weak decays. Without considering the quantum chromodynamics critical fluctuations in the dynamic model, we demonstrate that the net-kaon fluctuations can largely represent the net-strangeness fluctuations. Our results provide a baseline for understanding the net-kaon and net-strangeness fluctuations, which help to search for the possible critical behaviors at the critical end point in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.