Dynamically generated quadrupole polarization using Floquet adiabatic evolution

TL;DR

This paper explores how adiabatic Floquet driving of a quantum spin chain can induce stable quadrupole polarization and antiferroquadrupolar correlations, revealing phase-specific responses in nonequilibrium dynamics.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Floquet adiabatic evolution can generate and stabilize quadrupole polarization in certain quantum spin systems, a novel control method for quantum phases.

Findings

Quadrupole polarization is enhanced in Néel antiferromagnets under driving.

Staggered magnetization is suppressed during the process.

Haldane phase remains robust and does not develop quadrupole polarization.

Abstract

We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of the $S=1$ quantum spin chain subjected to a time-dependent external drive, where the driving frequency is adiabatically decreased as a function of time (``Floquet adiabatic evolution''). We show that when driving the rhombic anisotropy term (known as the ``two-axis countertwisting'' in the context of squeezed spin states) of a N\'eel antiferromagnet, we are able to induce an overall enhancement in the quadrupole polarization, while at the same time suppressing the staggered magnetization order. The system evolves into a new state with a net quadrupole moment and antiferroquadrupolar correlations. This state remains stable at long times once the driving frequency is kept constant. On the other hand, we find that we cannot achieve a quadrupole polarization for the symmetry-protected Haldane phase, which remains robust against such driving.