Optical scalar beam propagation in nontrivial spacetime backgrounds

TL;DR

This paper investigates how structured optical scalar beams propagate in complex spacetime backgrounds, revealing unique focusing behaviors and energy concentration effects, with potential applications in materials science and gravitational physics.

Contribution

It provides an analytic Green's function for beam propagation in nontrivial spacetime backgrounds, enabling detailed numerical analysis of beam behavior in such environments.

Findings

Unusual focusing properties observed in structured beams.

Increased diffraction length for Bessel beams in the medium.

Enhanced energy concentration at the beam center.

Abstract

We study the propagation of structured optical scalar beams in a spacetime background parameterized by a second-rank symmetric tensor. An analytic expression for the Green's function in a cylindrical coordinate system is obtained for particular choices of such a tensor. This facilitates the numerical exploration of the propagation of apertured Gaussian beams in this nontrivial background. Unusual focusing properties are found along with a decrease in the Gouy phase compared to that in standard vacuum. In the case of apertured Bessel beams, the medium allows to overcome finite aperture effects so that the corresponding diffraction length is increased; besides, the central spot of a zero order Bessel concentrates an increased fraction of the energy of the beam. Multiple scenarios beyond an electromagnetic field in the presence of an anisotropic medium could support the results reported here. They include a bosonic field in a weak gravitational field or a nontrivial spacetime background arising from Lorentz symmetry breaking. In particular, our results could illustrate how optically transparent multiferroic materials offer unprecedented opportunities to tailor structured beam propagation, as well as to simulate nontrivial spacetime backgrounds.