Numerical study of the twist-3 asymmetry $A_{LT}$ in single-inclusive electron-nucleon and proton-proton collisions

TL;DR

This paper presents the first detailed numerical analysis of the twist-3 asymmetry $A_{LT}$ in single-inclusive electron-nucleon and proton-proton collisions, offering predictions for various experiments and insights into quark-gluon correlations.

Contribution

It provides the first rigorous numerical computation of $A_{LT}$ including all relevant terms, utilizing recent non-perturbative function extractions for realistic predictions.

Findings

Predictions for $A_{LT}$ at JLab 12 GeV, COMPASS, EIC, and RHIC.

Comparison with existing JLab 6 GeV data.

Potential to probe quark-gluon-quark correlations and quark mass generation.

Abstract

We provide the first rigorous numerical analysis of the longitudinal-transverse double-spin asymmetry $A_{LT}$ in electron-nucleon and proton-proton collisions for the case where only a single pion, jet, or photon is detected in the final state. Given recent extractions of certain, previously unknown, non-perturbative functions, we are able to compute contributions from all terms relevant for $A_{LT}$ and make realistic predictions for the observable at Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV, COMPASS, the future Electron-Ion Collider, and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We also compare our results to a JLab 6 GeV measurement, which are the only data available for this type of reaction. The twist-3 nature of $A_{LT}$ makes it a potentially fruitful avenue to probe quark-gluon-quark correlations in hadrons as well as provide insights into dynamical quark mass generation in QCD.