Radiant gravitational collapse with anisotropy in pressures and bulk viscosity

TL;DR

This paper models the gravitational collapse of a radiating, anisotropic star with bulk viscosity, analyzing its evolution into a black hole and ensuring physical plausibility through energy and acceptability conditions.

Contribution

It provides a new dynamic solution to Einstein's equations for collapsing stars with anisotropic pressures, bulk viscosity, and heat flow, extending previous static models.

Findings

The model describes the star's evolution into a black hole.

Acceptability conditions constrain the initial mass-to-radius ratio.

Energy conditions are satisfied during collapse within certain parameters.

Abstract

We model a compact radiant star that undergoes gravitational collapse from a certain initial static configuration until it becomes a black hole. The star consists of a fluid with anisotropy in pressures, bulk viscosity, in addition to the radial heat flow. A solution of Einstein's field equations with temporal dependence was presented to study the dynamic evolution of physical quantities, such as the mass-energy function, the luminosity seen by an observer at infinity and the heat flow. We checked the acceptability conditions of the initial static configuration to obtain a range of mass-to-radius ratio in which the presented star model is physically reasonable. The energy conditions were analyzed for the dynamic case, in order to guarantee that the model is composed of a physically acceptable fluid within the range of the mass-to-radius ratio obtained for the static configuration or if they will be modified during the collapse