Neural Architecture Search generated Phase Retrieval Net for Real-time Off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging

TL;DR

This paper introduces NAS-PRNet, an optimized neural network architecture generated via Neural Architecture Search for real-time, high-accuracy phase retrieval in off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging, significantly improving speed while maintaining quality.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel NAS-generated neural network architecture for phase retrieval that is faster and more efficient than previous models, enabling real-time imaging.

Findings

Achieved PSNR of 36.7 dB and SSIM of 86.6% on biological cell interferograms.

Reduced phase retrieval time to 31 ms, 15x faster than Mamba-UNet.

Maintained high accuracy with only slight decrease compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Abstract

In off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI), artificial neural networks have been recently applied for phase retrieval with aberration compensation and phase unwrapping. However, the involved neural network architectures are largely unoptimized and inefficient with low inference speed, which hinders the realization of real-time imaging. Here, we propose a Neural Architecture Search (NAS) generated Phase Retrieval Net (NAS-PRNet) for accurate and fast phase retrieval. NAS-PRNet is an encoder-decoder style neural network, automatically found from a large neural network architecture search space through NAS. By modifying the differentiable NAS scheme from SparseMask, we learn the optimized skip connections through gradient descent. Specifically, we implement MobileNet-v2 as the encoder and define a synthesized loss that incorporates phase reconstruction loss and network sparsity loss. NAS-PRNet has achieved high-fidelity phase retrieval by achieving a peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 36.7 dB and a Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) of 86.6% as tested on interferograms of biological cells. Notably, NAS-PRNet achieves phase retrieval in only 31 ms, representing 15x speedup over the most recent Mamba-UNet with only a slightly lower phase retrieval accuracy.