Pointwise Multipliers for Besov Spaces $B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with Only Logarithmic Smoothness

TL;DR

This paper characterizes pointwise multipliers of Besov spaces with logarithmic smoothness for specific p-values, providing explicit estimates and applications to concrete functions, with most proofs being constructive and leveraging the spaces' logarithmic structure.

Contribution

It offers a detailed characterization of multipliers for Besov spaces with logarithmic smoothness for p=1 and p=∞, including explicit estimates and applications, using constructive proofs.

Findings

Characterization of multipliers for p=1 and p=∞

Explicit estimates for exponential functions as multipliers

Applications to characteristic functions and difference-defined functions

Abstract

In this article, we establish a characterization of the set $M(B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n))$ of all pointwise multipliers of Besov spaces $B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with only logarithmic smoothness $b\in\mathbb{R}$ in the special cases $p=1$ and $p=\infty$. As applications of these two characterizations, we clarify whether or not the three concrete examples, namely characteristic functions of open sets, continuous functions defined by differences, and the functions $e^{ik\cdot x}$ with $k\in\mathbb{Z}^n$ and $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$, are pointwise multipliers of $B^{0,b}_{1,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $B^{0,b}_{\infty,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, respectively; furthermore, we obtain the explicit estimates of $\|e^{ik \cdot x}\|_{M(B^{0,b}_{1,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n))}$ and $\|e^{ik \cdot x}\|_{M(B^{0,b}_{\infty,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n))}$. In the case that $p\in(1,\infty)$, we give some sufficient conditions and some necessary conditions of the pointwise multipliers of $B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and a complete characterization of $M(B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n))$ is still open. However, via a different method, we are still able to accurately calculate $\|e^{ik \cdot x}\|_{M(B^{0,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n))}$, $k\in\mathbb{Z}^n$, in this situation. The novelty of this article is that most of the proofs are constructive and these constructions strongly depend on the logarithmic structure of Besov spaces under consideration.