Cavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin state within 3 nanoseconds using a microcavity-enhanced optical approach, significantly surpassing previous speeds and enabling advanced quantum technology applications.

Contribution

The authors introduce a microcavity-enhanced optical method for quantum dot spin readout, achieving a 3-nanosecond measurement time with over 95% fidelity, a substantial improvement over prior techniques.

Findings

Achieved 3 ns single-shot spin readout with 95.2% fidelity.

Demonstrated quantum jump detection through repeated measurements.

Reduced measurement back-action errors due to rapid readout.

Abstract

Rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of quantum states is a ubiquitous requirement in quantum information technologies, playing a crucial role in quantum computation, quantum error correction, and fundamental tests of non-locality. Readout of the spin state of an optically active emitter can be achieved by driving a spin-preserving optical transition and detecting the emitted photons. The speed and fidelity of this approach is typically limited by a combination of low photon collection rates and measurement back-action. Here, we demonstrate single-shot optical readout of a semiconductor quantum dot spin state, achieving a readout time of only a few nanoseconds. In our approach, gated semiconductor quantum dots are embedded in an open microcavity. The Purcell enhancement generated by the microcavity increases the photon creation rate from one spin state but not from the other, as well as efficiently channelling the photons into a well-defined detection mode. We achieve single-shot readout of an electron spin state in 3 nanoseconds with a fidelity of (95.2$\pm$0.7)%, and observe quantum jumps using repeated single-shot measurements. Owing to the speed of our readout, errors resulting from measurement-induced back-action have minimal impact. Our work reduces the spin readout-time to values well below both the achievable spin relaxation and dephasing times in semiconductor quantum dots, opening up new possibilities for their use in quantum technologies.