Optimizing the Homogeneity and Efficiency of an SOEC Based on Multiphysics Simulation and Data-driven Surrogate Model

TL;DR

This paper develops a combined experimental, simulation, and AI approach to optimize the balance between efficiency and inhomogeneity in solid oxide electrolysis cells, using surrogate models for multi-objective optimization.

Contribution

It introduces a novel integration of 3D multiphysics simulation, experimental validation, and neural network surrogates for efficient optimization of SOEC performance.

Findings

Down-stream current is 60%-65% of up-stream at 0.7 steam utilization.

Increasing steam utilization to 0.8 reduces down-stream current to 50%-60%.

Pareto fronts help balance efficiency and inhomogeneity in SOEC operation.

Abstract

Inhomogeneous current and temperature distributions are harmful to the durability of the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). Segmented SOEC experiments reveal that a high steam utilization, which is favorable for system efficiency, leads to local steam starvation and enhanced the inhomogeneity. It is necessary to consider inhomogeneity and efficiency jointly in optimization studies. Three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics models validated with experiments can simulate the inhomogeneity in a reliable manner, but they are unsuitable for optimization due to the high computational cost. This study proposes a method that combines segmented SOEC experiments, multiphysics simulation, and artificial intelligence to optimize the inhomogeneity and efficiency of SOEC jointly. A 3D cell model is first built and verified by segmented SOEC experiments. Then, fast neural network surrogate models are built from the simulation data and integrated into a multi-objective optimization problem. Its solutions form a Pareto front reflecting the conflicting relationships among different objectives. It is found that the down-stream current is 60%-65% of the up-stream current when the steam utilization is 0.7. To increase the steam utilization to 0.8, the down-stream current will further drop to 50%-60% of the up-stream current. The Pareto fronts enable system operators to achieve a balance between efficiency and inhomogeneity.