HL-LHC layout for fixed-target experiments in ALICE based on crystal-assisted beam halo splitting

TL;DR

This paper proposes a fixed-target experiment setup in the ALICE detector at CERN's LHC, utilizing crystal-assisted beam halo splitting to enable high-flux particle collisions for advanced physics research.

Contribution

It introduces a novel layout integrating crystal-assisted beam halo splitting with fixed-target experiments in ALICE, optimizing particle flux and detector performance.

Findings

Design achieves sufficient particle flux on target for ALICE

Integration minimizes impact on LHC ring losses

Expected performance supports advanced physics studies

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator colliding beams of protons and lead ions at energies up to 7 ZTeV, Z is the atomic number. ALICE is one of the detector experiments optimised for heavy-ion collisions. A fixed-target experiment in ALICE is being considered to collide a portion of the beam halo, split using a bent crystal inserted in the transverse hierarchy of the LHC collimation system, with an internal target placed a few meters upstream of the existing detector. This study is carried out as a part of the Physics Beyond Collider effort at CERN. Fixed-target collisions offer many physics opportunities related to hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma to extend the research potential of the CERN accelerator complex. Production of physics events depends on the particle flux on target. The machine layout for the fixed-target experiment is developed to provide a flux of particles on the target high enough to exploit the full capabilities of the ALICE detector acquisition system. This paper summarises the fixed-target layout consisting of the crystal assembly, the target and downstream absorbers. We discuss the conceptual integration of these elements within the LHC ring, the impact on ring losses, and expected performance in terms of particle flux on target.