Automatic unit for measuring refractive index of air based on Ciddor equation and its verification using direct interferometric measurement method

TL;DR

This paper presents a low-power electronic unit that continuously monitors air's refractive index using ambient conditions and Ciddor's equation, verified against direct interferometric measurements for improved accuracy in microscopy applications.

Contribution

A novel electronic device for real-time refractive index measurement based on ambient conditions and Ciddor's equation, with verified high accuracy and low power consumption.

Findings

Achieved measurement accuracy of 4.1e-7 relative.

Verified the unit against direct interferometric measurements.

Demonstrated negligible environmental impact due to low power electronics.

Abstract

In scanning probe microscopy laser interferometers are usually used for measuring the position of the probe tip with a metrological traceability. As the most of the AFM setups are designed to work under standard atmospheric conditions the changes of the refractive index of air have an influence to measured values of the length with 1.0e-4 relatively. In order to achieve better accuracies the refractive index of air has to be monitored continuously and its instantaneous value has to be used for compensating the lengths measured by all of the interferometric axes. In the presented work we developed a new concept of an electronic unit which is able to monitor the refractive index of air on basis of measurement of ambient atmospheric conditions: temperature, humidity, pressure of the air and the CO2 concentration. The data processing is based on Ciddor equation for calculating the refractive index of air. The important advantage of the unit is a very low power consumption of the electronics so the unit causes only negligible temperature effects to the measured environment. The accuracy of the indirect measuring method employed by the unit was verified. We tested the accuracy in comparison with a direct method of measuring refractive index of air based on an evacuatable cell placed at the measuring arm of a laser interferometer. An experimental setup used for verification is presented together with a set of measurements describing the performance. The resulting accuracy of the electronic unit falls to the 4.1e-7 relatively.