Spatial Structures of Wind Farms: Correlation Analysis of the Generated Electrical Power

TL;DR

This study analyzes the electrical power correlations among turbines in offshore wind farms, revealing how spatial arrangements and wind directions influence collective behavior and correlation structures.

Contribution

It introduces a method to separate collective turbine behavior from spatial effects, linking correlation structures to wind farm layout and wind direction.

Findings

Dominant collective behavior in power correlations

Correlation structure depends on turbine spacing

Wind direction influences correlation patterns

Abstract

We investigate the interaction of many wind turbines in a wind farm with a focus on their electrical power production. The operational data of two offshore wind farms with a ten minute and a ten second time resolution, respectively, are analyzed. For the correlations of the active power between turbines over the entire wind farms, we find a dominant collective behavior. We manage to subtract the collective behavior and find a significant dependence of the correlation structure on the spatial structure of the wind farms. We further show a connection between the observed correlation structures and the prevailing wind direction. We attribute the differences between the two wind farms to the differences in the turbine spacing within the two wind farms.