Stationary Flows Revisited

TL;DR

This paper revisits stationary flows of Lax hierarchies in coupled KdV systems, constructing bi- and tri-Hamiltonian structures, and connects these flows to the rational Calogero-Moser system and Hénon-Heiles systems.

Contribution

It introduces new bi- and tri-Hamiltonian representations of stationary flows and links them to Calogero-Moser and Hénon-Heiles systems, expanding understanding of integrable hierarchies.

Findings

Constructed Poisson maps leading to bi-Hamiltonian structures.

Developed tri-Hamiltonian representations for stationary hierarchies.

Connected stationary flows to Calogero-Moser and Hénon-Heiles systems.

Abstract

In this paper we revisit the subject of stationary flows of Lax hierarchies of a coupled KdV class. We explain the main ideas in the standard KdV case and then consider the dispersive water waves (DWW) case, with respectively 2 and 3 Hamiltonian representations. Each Hamiltonian representation gives us a different form of stationary flow. Comparing these, we construct Poisson maps, which, being non-canonical, give rise to bi-Hamiltonian representations of the stationary flows. An alternative approach is to use the Miura maps, which we do in the case of the DWW hierarchy, which has two ''modifications''. This structure gives us 3 sequences of Poisson related stationary flows. We use the Poisson maps to build a tri-Hamiltonian representation of each of the three stationary hierarchies. One of the Hamiltonian representations allows a multi-component squared eigenfunction expansion, which gives $N$ degrees of freedom Hamiltonians, with first integrals. A Lax representation for each of the stationary flows is derived from the coupled KdV matrices. In the case of 3 degrees of freedom, we give a generalisation of our Lax matrices and Hamiltonian functions, which allows a connection with the rational Calogero-Moser (CM) system. This gives a coupling of the CM system with other potentials, along with a Lax representation. We present the particular case of coupling one of the integrable H\'enon-Heiles systems to CM.