Minimal Entanglement and Emergent Symmetries in Low-energy QCD

TL;DR

This paper explores how minimal entanglement in low-energy baryon scattering correlates with the emergence of larger symmetries, revealing potential new symmetries and invariances in effective QCD models.

Contribution

It demonstrates the link between entanglement suppression and emergent symmetries like SU(6), SO(8), SU(8), and SU(16) in low-energy QCD scattering channels.

Findings

Entanglement minimization correlates with emergent symmetries.

Channels with suppressed entanglement show signs of larger symmetry groups.

Non-relativistic conformal invariance appears in channels with large scattering lengths.

Abstract

We study low-energy scattering of spin-1/2 baryons from the perspective of quantum information science, focusing on the correlation between entanglement minimization and the appearance of accidental symmetries. The baryon transforms as an octet under the SU(3) flavor symmetry and its interactions below the pion threshold are described by contact operators in an effective field theory (EFT) of QCD. Despite there being 64 channels in the 2-to-2 scattering, only six independent operators in the EFT are predicted by SU(3). We show that successive entanglement minimization in SU(3)-symmetric channels are correlated with increasingly large emergent symmetries in the EFT. In particular, we identify scattering channels whose entanglement suppression are indicative of emergent SU(6), SO(8), SU(8), and SU(16) symmetries. We also observe the appearance of non-relativistic conformal invariance in channels with unnaturally large scattering lengths. Improved precision from lattice simulations could help determine the degree of entanglement suppression, and consequently the amount of accidental symmetry, in low-energy QCD.