Dihedral groups with the $m$-DCI property

TL;DR

This paper characterizes dihedral groups that have the $m$-DCI property, extending previous work on cyclic groups, and provides specific conditions on the order of the group and the parameter $m$ for this property to hold.

Contribution

It offers the first characterization of dihedral groups with the $m$-DCI property, detailing conditions on the group's order and the parameter $m$ for the property to be satisfied.

Findings

If a dihedral group has the $m$-DCI property, then its order parameter $n$ must be odd.

For certain primes dividing $n$, the divisibility by their squares is restricted.

Dihedral groups of prime power order have the $m$-DCI property only under specific conditions related to the prime and $m$.

Abstract

A Cayley digraph $\rm{Cay}(G,S)$ of a group $G$ with respect to a subset $S$ of $G$ is called a CI-digraph if for any Cayley digraph $\rm{Cay}(G,T)$ isomorphic to $\rm{Cay}(G,S)$, there is an $\alpha\in \rm{Aut}(G)$ such that $S^\alpha=T$. For a positive integer $m$, $G$ is said to have the $m$-DCI property if all Cayley digraphs of $G$ with out-valency $m$ are CI-digraphs. Li [The Cyclic groups with the $m$-DCI Property, European J. Combin. 18 (1997) 655-665] characterized cyclic groups with the $m$-DCI property, and in this paper, we characterize dihedral groups with the $m$-DCI property. For a dihedral group $\mathrm{D}_{2n}$ of order $2n$, assume that $\mathrm{D}_{2n}$ has the $m$-DCI property for some $1 \leq m\leq n-1$. Then it is shown that $n$ is odd, and if further $p+1\leq m\leq n-1$ for an odd prime divisor $p$ of $n$, then $p^2\nmid n$. Furthermore, if $n$ is a power of a prime $q$, then $\mathrm{D}_{2n}$ has the $m$-DCI property if and only if either $n=q$, or $q$ is odd and $1\leq m\leq q$.