Electromagnetic Assessment and AC Losses of Triaxial Cables with Multiple 2G-HTS Layers Per Phase

TL;DR

This study develops a 2D electromagnetic model to accurately estimate AC losses in multi-layer triaxial superconducting cables with multiple 2G-HTS layers, validated against experimental data and revealing key current distribution and loss behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive 2D modeling approach for multi-layer triaxial HTS cables, analyzing current distribution and AC losses with novel insights into phase balance and layer effects.

Findings

Unbalanced current amplitudes can balance magnetic fields across phases.

AC losses are higher in the second phase at low to moderate currents.

Layer and phase configurations significantly influence AC loss behavior.

Abstract

For an accurate estimation of the AC losses of superconducting triaxial cables, we present a 2D model capable to provide a global assessment of multi-layer triaxial cables, validated against the AC-losses on single-phase cables provided by the VNIIKP Cable Institute. Four models are presented, the first being a single-phase cable of 50 tapes and the others being three triaxial cables made of up to 135 coated conductors distributed in up to 9 layers. A systematic study is devised, where the number of layers per phase increases from 1 to 3, with at least 14 tapes distributed across each layer of the first (innermost) phase, 15 in the secondary (middle) phase, and 16 in the third (outermost) phase, respectively. Remarkably, our results reveal that the simple strategy of considering an unbalanced distribution for the amplitudes of the applied current, can generally balance the magnetic field between the three phases even for the bilayer and trilayer cables, resulting in negligible magnetic leaks in all situations. Besides, our simulations allow to see for the first time how the transport and magnetization currents distribute across the thickness of all the superconducting tapes, from which we have found that the AC-losses of the 2nd phase is generally higher than at the other phases at low to moderate transport currents Itr < 0.8 Ic. Nevertheless, depending on whether the Ic of the SC tapes at the 3rd phase layers is lower than the one at the 2nd phase, the layers at the third phase can exhibit a considerable increment on the AC losses, as result of the considered magneto angular anisotropy of the HTS tapes, which lead to intriguing electromagnetic features that suggest a practical threshold for the applied transport current, being it 0.8 Ic. Likewise, the relative change in the AC-losses per adding layers, per phase, and as a function of the applied current is disclosed.