Axion Quality Problem and Non-Minimal Gravitational Coupling in the Palatini Formulation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the axion quality problem within the Palatini formulation of gravity, demonstrating that non-minimal coupling can still resolve the issue, with a slightly higher coupling requirement than in metric gravity.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of axion quality problem solutions to the Palatini gravity formulation, confirming the effectiveness of non-minimal coupling in this context.

Findings

Axionic wormhole solutions are found in Palatini gravity.

The axion quality problem is resolved with non-minimal coupling in Palatini formulation.

The required coupling constant is slightly higher than in metric gravity.

Abstract

In axion models, the global U(1) Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is explicitly broken by non-perturbative effects of gravity, such as axionic wormholes. The gravitational violation of the PQ symmetry due to wormholes is large enough to invalidate the PQ mechanism, which is entitled as the axion quality problem. Recently, a novel solution to this quality problem was suggested, where the non-minimal coupling of the axion field to gravity $\xi$ is introduced to suppress the wormhole contribution. In this work, we revisit the problem in a different but equally valid formulation of gravity, namely the Palatini formulation, where the Ricci scalar is solely determined by connection. We first find the axionic wormhole solution in the Palatini formulation, taking the full dynamical radial mode as well as the axial mode, then show that the quality problem is still resolved with the non-minimal coupling $\xi$. The requested lower bound of $\xi$ in the Palatini formulation turns out to be slightly higher than that in the metric formulation.