PSF nowcast using PASSATA simulations -- Towards a PSF forecast

TL;DR

This paper explores the feasibility of using PASSATA simulations for real-time PSF characterization of adaptive optics systems, aiming to improve observation planning and potentially enable PSF forecasting for ground-based telescopes.

Contribution

It assesses the accuracy of PASSATA in reproducing on-sky PSFs of AO systems, paving the way for real-time PSF nowcasting and future integration into operational forecast systems.

Findings

PASSATA can approximate real-time PSFs with measurable uncertainty.

Comparison of simulations with on-sky data shows promising results.

Potential to incorporate PSF nowcasting into telescope operational workflows.

Abstract

Characterizing the PSF of adaptive optics instruments is of paramount importance both for instrument design and observation planning/optimization. Simulation software, such as PASSATA, have been successfully utilized for PSF characterization in instrument design, which make use of standardized atmospheric turbulence profiles to produce PSFs that represent the typical instrument performance. In this contribution we study the feasibility of using such tool for nowcast application (present-time forecast), such as the characterization of an on-sky measured PSF in real observations. Specifically we will analyze the performance of the simulation software in characterizing the real-time PSF of two different state-of-the-art SCAO adaptive optics instruments: SOUL at the LBT, and SAXO at the VLT. The study will make use of on-sky measurements of the atmospheric turbulence and compare the results of the simulations to the measured PSF figures of merit (namely the FHWM and the Strehl Ratio) retrieved from the instrument telemetry in real observations. Our main goal in this phase is to quantify the level of uncertainly of the AO simulations in reproducing real on-sky observed PSFs with an end-to-end code (PASSATA). In a successive phase we intend to use a faster analytical code (TIPTOP). This work is part of a wider study which aims to use simulation tools joint to atmospheric turbulence forecasts performed nightly to forecast in advance the PSF and support science operations of ground-based telescopes facilities. The 'PSF forecast' option might therefore be added to ALTA Center or the operational forecast system that will be implemented soon at ESO.