Verifiable blind quantum computation with identity authentication for different types of clients

TL;DR

This paper introduces three verifiable blind quantum computing protocols with identity authentication tailored for clients with different quantum capabilities, ensuring secure and correct delegation of quantum computations.

Contribution

It presents novel multi-party VBQC protocols with identity authentication adaptable to clients' quantum device levels, enhancing security and flexibility in quantum cloud computing.

Findings

Protocols are client-friendly and adaptable to various quantum capabilities.

All protocols are verifiable, allowing clients to confirm computation correctness.

Protocols resist insider and outsider attacks in quantum networks.

Abstract

Quantum computing has considerable advantages in solving some problems over its classical counterpart. Currently various physical systems are developed to construct quantum computers but it is still challenging and the first use of quantum computers may adopt the cloud style. Blind quantum computing (BQC) provides a solution for clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate their quantum computation to remote quantum servers while keeping input, output, and even algorithm private. In this paper, we propose three multi-party verifiable blind quantum computing (VBQC) protocols with identity authentication to handle clients with varying quantum capabilities in quantum networks, such as those who can just make measurements, prepare single qubits, or perform a few single-qubit gates. They are client-friendly and flexible since the clients can achieve BQC depending on their own quantum devices and resist both insider outsider attacks in quantum networks. Furthermore, all the three proposed protocols are verifiable, namely that the clients can verify the correctness of their calculations.