A Uniquely Solvable, Positivity-Preserving and Unconditionally Energy Stable Numerical Scheme for the Functionalized Cahn-Hilliard Equation with Logarithmic Potential

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel finite difference scheme for the functionalized Cahn-Hilliard equation with a logarithmic potential, ensuring positivity, energy stability, and convergence, with applications demonstrated through numerical experiments.

Contribution

The paper develops a uniquely solvable, positivity-preserving, and unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the FCH equation with a logarithmic potential, including rigorous analysis and error estimates.

Findings

Scheme is unconditionally energy stable.

Numerical solutions preserve positivity and avoid singularities.

Numerical experiments demonstrate accuracy and complex phenomena.

Abstract

We propose and analyze a first-order finite difference scheme for the functionalized Cahn-Hilliard (FCH) equation with a logarithmic Flory-Huggins potential. The semi-implicit numerical scheme is designed based on a suitable convex-concave decomposition of the FCH free energy. We prove unique solvability of the numerical algorithm and verify its unconditional energy stability without any restriction on the time step size. Thanks to the singular nature of the logarithmic part in the Flory-Huggins potential near the pure states $\pm 1$, we establish the so-called positivity-preserving property for the phase function at a theoretic level. As a consequence, the numerical solutions will never reach the singular values $\pm 1$ in the point-wise sense and the fully discrete scheme is well defined at each time step. Next, we present a detailed optimal rate convergence analysis and derive error estimates in $l^{\infty}(0,T;L_h^2)\cap l^2(0,T;H^3_h)$ under a linear refinement requirement $\Delta t\leq C_1 h$. To achieve the goal, a higher order asymptotic expansion (up to the second order temporal and spatial accuracy) based on the Fourier projection is utilized to control the discrete maximum norm of solutions to the numerical scheme. We show that if the exact solution to the continuous problem is strictly separated from the pure states $\pm 1$, then the numerical solutions can be kept away from $\pm 1$ by a positive distance that is uniform with respect to the size of the time step and the grid. Finally, a few numerical experiments are presented. Convergence test is performed to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed numerical scheme. Pearling bifurcation, meandering instability and spinodal decomposition are observed in the numerical simulations.