Optimal Controller Tuning Technique for a First-Order Process with Time Delay

TL;DR

This paper introduces a PID tuning method for first-order plus time delay systems using Padé approximation and Routh-Hurwitz analysis, resulting in improved stability and faster tracking compared to traditional methods.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel controller tuning strategy that effectively handles time delays by eliminating dead-time effects through Padé approximation, enhancing control performance.

Findings

Achieves stable PID control for FOPTD systems with time delay.

Demonstrates faster tracking performance than conventional controllers.

Eliminates dead-time effects, resulting in a minimum-phase system.

Abstract

We present a controller tuning strategy for first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) processes, where the time delay in the model is approximated using the Pad\'e function. Using Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis, we derive the gain that gives rise to desirable PID controller settings. The resulting PID controller, now correctly tuned, produces satisfactory closed-loop behavior and stabilizes the first-order plant. Our proposed technique eliminates the dead-time component in the model and results in a minimum-phase system with all of its poles and zeros in the left-half $s$-plane. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present control simulation results from an in-depth performance comparison between our technique and other established model-based strategies used for the control of time-delayed systems. These results prove that, for the FOPTD model, Pad\'e approximation eliminates the undesirable effects of the time delay and promises a faster tracking performance superior to conventional model-based controllers.