Effects of different 3D QED vertex ansaetze on critical coupling

TL;DR

This paper investigates how different 3D QED vertex ansaetze affect the critical coupling in graphene's phase transition, revealing that traditional truncations may be inadequate without self-consistent photon-fermion interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a family of gauge-invariant vertex ansaetze parametrized by a, compares their effects on critical coupling, and emphasizes the importance of self-consistent calculations in non-Lorentz-invariant systems.

Findings

Different ansaetze yield significantly different critical couplings.

The simplified vertex approximation agrees with the full vertex only at a=1 with one-loop polarization.

Self-consistent photon-fermion backcoupling alters the vertex impact on critical coupling.

Abstract

We study the semi-metal/insulator phase transition in graphene using a Schwinger-Dyson approach. We consider various forms of vertex ansaetze to truncate the hierarchy of Schwinger-Dyson equations. We define a Ball-Chiu type vertex that truncates the equations without violating gauge invariance. We show that there is a family of these vertices, parametrized by a continuous parameter that we call a, all of which satisfy the Ward identity. We have calculated the critical coupling of the phase transition using different values of a. We have also tested a common approximation in which only the first term in the Ball-Chiu ansatz is included. This vertex is independent of a, and, although it is not gauge invariant, it has been used many times in the literature because of the numerical simplifications it provides. We have found that, with a one-loop photon polarization tensor, the results obtained for the critical coupling from the truncated vertex and the full vertex with a = 1 agree very well, but other values of a give significantly different results. We have also done a fully self-consistent calculation, in which the photons are backcoupled to the fermion degrees of freedom, for one choice a = 1. Our results show that when photon dynamics are correctly taken into account, it is no longer true that the truncated vertex and the full Ball-Chiu vertex with a = 1 agree well. The conclusion is that traditional vertex truncations do not really make sense in a system that does not respect Lorentz invariance, like graphene, and the need to include vertex contributions self-consistently is likely inescapable.