Fermi-liquid nonadiabatic highly-compressed cesium iodide superconductor

TL;DR

This study reveals that highly compressed cesium iodide is a Fermi-liquid superconductor with unconventional properties, challenging traditional Eliashberg theory predictions and providing new insights into its superconducting behavior.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that compressed CsI is a Fermi-liquid superconductor with high Td/Tf ratio, indicating the need for alternative theoretical approaches beyond Eliashberg theory.

Findings

CsI becomes a perfect Fermi liquid metal under high pressure.

The ratio Td/Tf in CsI is approximately 17, much higher than typical superconductors.

CsI's Tc/Tf ratio places it within the unconventional superconductor band.

Abstract

Experimental discovery that compressed sulphur hydride exhibits superconducting transition temperature Tc=203 K (Drozdov et al 2015 Nature 525 73) sparked intensive studies of superconducting hydrides. However, this discovery was not a straight forward experimental examination of theoretically predicted phase, instead it was nearly five-decade long experimental quest for superconductivity in highly-compressed matters, which varied from pure elements (hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, lithium), cuprates, and hydrides (SiH4, YH3, and AlH3), to semiconductors and ionic salts. One of these salts was cesium iodide, CsI, which converts into metallic state at P=115 GPa and at P=180 GPa this compound exhibits the onset of the superconducting transition temperature Tc~2 K (Eremets et al 1998 Science 281 1333). Detailed first principles calculations (Xu et al 2009 Phys Rev B 79 144110) showed that within Eliashberg theory of superconductivity, the CsI should exhibits Tc=0.03 K at pressure P=180 GPa, which is by two orders of magnitude lower than the observed value. In attempt to understand the nature of this discrepancy, here we analyzed temperature dependent resistance in compressed CsI and found that this compound is perfect Fermi liquid metal which exhibits extremely high (~ 17) ratio of the Debye temperature, Td, to the Fermi energy, Tf. This implies that direct utilization of the Eliashberg theory is incorrect for this compound, because the theory valid for the ratio Td/Tf << 1. We also showed that highly-compressed CsI exhibits the ratio of Tc/Tf = 0.04-0.07 and it falls in unconventional superconductors band in the Uemura plot.