Evidence of a signature of planet formation processes from solar neutrino fluxes

TL;DR

This study shows that incorporating planet formation processes into solar models affects neutrino flux predictions, suggesting the Sun's formation history is crucial for resolving the solar modeling problem.

Contribution

It introduces a realistic planet formation scenario into solar models, demonstrating its impact on core metallicity and neutrino flux predictions, improving agreement with observations.

Findings

Models with variable composition due to planet formation fit neutrino data within 1.3σ.

Homogeneous accretion models fit neutrino data no better than 2.7σ.

Planet formation history significantly influences solar model accuracy.

Abstract

Solar evolutionary models are thus far unable to reproduce spectroscopic, helioseismic, and neutrino constraints consistently, resulting in the so-called solar modeling problem. In parallel, planet formation models predict that the evolving composition of the protosolar disk and, thus, of the gas accreted by the proto-Sun must have been variable. We show that solar evolutionary models that include a realistic planet formation scenario lead to an increased core metallicity of up to 5%, implying that accurate neutrino flux measurements are sensitive to the initial stages of the formation of the Solar System. Models with homogeneous accretion match neutrino constraints to no better than 2.7$\sigma$. In contrast, accretion with a variable composition due to planet formation processes, leading to metal-poor accretion of the last $\sim$4% of the young Sun's total mass, yields solar models within 1.3$\sigma$ of all neutrino constraints. We thus demonstrate that in addition to increased opacities at the base of the convective envelope, the formation history of the Solar System constitutes a key element in resolving the current crisis of solar models.