Modeling the impact of rainfall and temperature on sterile insect control strategies in a Tropical environment

TL;DR

This study models how rainfall and temperature variations influence the timing and effectiveness of sterile insect technique (SIT) strategies for controlling Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Réunion island, aiming to optimize release timing and reduce costs.

Contribution

A simple differential system model incorporating rainfall and temperature dynamics to optimize SIT timing and effectiveness in tropical environments.

Findings

Rainfall significantly impacts mosquito population dynamics.

Optimal SIT start period is from July to December.

Reducing residual fertility enhances control effectiveness.

Abstract

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a biological control technique that can be used either to eliminate or decay a wild mosquito population under a given threshold to reduce the nuisance or the epidemiological risk. In this work, we propose a model using a differential system that takes into account the variations of rainfall and temperature over time and study their impacts on sterile males releases strategies. Our model is as simple as possible to avoid complexity while being able to capture the temporal variations of an Aedes albopictus mosquito population in a domain treated by SIT, located in R{\'e}union island. The main objective is to determine what period of the year is the most suitable to start a SIT control to minimize the duration of massive releases and the amount of sterile males to release, either to reduce the mosquito nuisance, or to reduce the epidemiological risk. Since sterilization is not 100% efficient, we also study the impact of different levels of residual fertility within the released sterile male population. Our study shows that rainfall plays a major role in the dynamics of the mosquito and the SIT control, that the best period to start a massive SIT treatment lasts from July to December, that residual fertility has to be as small as possible, and that increasing the size of the releases is not always necessarily interesting. We also highlight the importance of combining SIT with mechanical control, i.e. the removal of breeding sites, in particular when the initial mosquito population is large.