Frequency combs with multiple offsets in THz-rate microresonators

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability and dynamics of frequency combs in high-repetition-rate silicon-nitride microresonators, revealing coexistence of different soliton states and complex breather behaviors affecting comb coherence.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the coexistence of multiple soliton states and the decomposition of breather combs into subcombs with different offset frequencies in THz-rate microresonators.

Findings

Coexistence of fast and slow solitons in microresonators.

Breather states decompose into subcombs with distinct offset frequencies.

Small detuning breathers can undergo period-doubling bifurcation.

Abstract

Octave-wide frequency combs in microresonators are essential for self-referencing. However, it is difficult for the small-size and high-repetition-rate microresonators to achieve perfect soliton modelocking over the broad frequency range due to the detrimental impact of dispersion. Here we examine the stability of the soliton states consisting of one hundred modes in silicon-nitride microresonators with the one-THz free spectral range. We report the coexistence of fast and slow solitons in a narrow detuning range, which is surrounded on either side by the breather states. We decompose the breather combs into a sequence of subcombs with different carrier envelope offset frequencies. The large detuning breathers have a high frequency of oscillations associated with the perturbation extending across the whole microresonator. The small detuning breathers create oscillations localised on the soliton core and can undergo the period-doubling bifurcation, which triggers a sequence of intense sub-combs.