A numerical investigation of the mechanics of intracranial aneurysms walls: Assessing the influence of tissue hyperelastic laws and heterogeneous properties on the stress and stretch fields

TL;DR

This study investigates how different tissue mechanical models and heterogeneity assumptions affect the stress and stretch predictions in intracranial aneurysm simulations, highlighting the importance of tissue properties over hyperelastic law choice.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of the impact of tissue heterogeneity and hyperelastic laws on IA wall mechanics in numerical simulations.

Findings

Wall morphology models have less impact than hyperelastic laws on response differences.

Stretch levels are more sensitive to tissue properties than stress.

Heterogeneity modeling influences mechanical response predictions.

Abstract

Numerical simulations have been extensively used in the past two decades for the study of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), a dangerous disease that occurs in the arteries that reach the brain. They may affect up to 10 % of the world's population, with up to 50 % mortality rate, in case of rupture. Physically, the blood flow inside IAs should be modeled as a fluid-solid interaction problem. However, the large majority of those works have focused on the hemodynamics of the intra-aneurysmal flow, while ignoring the wall tissue's mechanical response entirely, through rigid-wall modeling, or using limited modeling assumptions for the tissue mechanics. One of the explanations is the scarce data on the properties of IAs walls, thus limiting the use of better modeling options. Unfortunately, this situation is still the case, thus our present study investigates the effect of different modeling approaches to simulate the motion of an IA. We used three hyperelastic laws and two different ways of modeling the wall thickness and tissue mechanical properties -- one assumed that both were uniform while the other accounted for the heterogeneity of the wall by using a "hemodynamics-driven" approach in which both thickness and material constants varied spatially with the cardiac-cycle-averaged hemodynamics. Pulsatile numerical simulations, with patient-specific vascular geometries harboring IAs, were carried out using the one-way fluid-solid interaction solution strategy, in which the blood flow is solved and applied as the driving force of the wall motion. We found that different wall morphology models yield smaller absolute differences in the mechanical response than different hyperelastic laws. Furthermore, the stretch levels of IAs walls were more sensitive to the hyperelastic and material constants than the stress. These findings could be used to guide modeling decisions on IA simulations.