Ultraviolet-complete quantum field theories with fractional operators

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum field theories with fractional derivatives, demonstrating their super-renormalizability and unitarity through novel splitting techniques and fractional calculus, with implications for quantum gravity.

Contribution

It introduces fractional d'Alembertian operators into quantum field theories, establishing conditions for super-renormalizability and unitarity, and develops new mathematical tools for fractional operators.

Findings

Scalar and gauge theories are super-renormalizable for certain fractional powers.

A fractional generalization of the Anselmi-Piva procedure achieves unitarity.

New mathematical results include Leibniz rule and Källén-Lehmann representation for fractional operators.

Abstract

We explore quantum field theories with fractional d'Alembertian $\Box^\gamma$. Both a scalar field theory with a derivative-dependent potential and gauge theory are super-renormalizable for a fractional power $1<\gamma\leq 2$, one-loop super-renormalizable for $\gamma>2$ and finite if one introduces killer operators. Unitarity is achieved by splitting the kinetic term into the product of massive fractional operators, eventually sending the masses to zero if so desired. Fractional quantum gravity is also discussed and found to be super-renormalizable for $2<\gamma\leq 4$ and one-loop super-renormalizable for $\gamma>4$. To make it unitary, we combine the splitting procedure with a fractional generalization of the Anselmi-Piva procedure for fakeons. Among new technical results with wider applications, we highlight the Leibniz rule for arbitrary powers of the d'Alembertian and the K\"all\'en-Lehmann representation for a propagator with an arbitrary number of branch cuts.