Charmonium transport in the high-$\mu_B$ medium

TL;DR

This study uses a transport-hydrodynamic model to analyze how high baryon chemical potential affects charmonium suppression and regeneration in heavy-ion collisions at various energies, highlighting its significance at lower energies.

Contribution

It introduces the incorporation of baryon chemical potential effects into charmonium transport models and assesses their impact on nuclear modification factors at different collision energies.

Findings

$\mu_B$ has negligible effect at 39 and 14.5 GeV.

$\mu_B$ reduces $R_{AA}$ at 7.7 GeV.

Highlights importance for low-energy and fixed-target experiments.

Abstract

We employ the transport model coupled with hydrodynamic equations to study the charmonium dissociation and regeneration in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with the large baryon chemical potential in Au-Au collisions at the energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ ($39$, $14.5$, $7.7$) GeV. The baryon chemical potential $\mu_B$ is encoded in both Debye mass characterizing the heavy-quark potential and also the equation of state (EoS) of the bulk medium respectively. After considering $\mu_B$-corrections in both heavy quarkonium and the QGP medium, we calculate the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ of charmonium. And find the $\mu_B$ influence on charmonium production at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 and 14.5 GeV is negligible, while the $R_{AA}$ of charmonium is reduced considering $\mu_B$ influence at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV Au-Au collisions. It is crucial for studying charmonium production in low energy and also fixed-target heavy-ion collisions.