Robust inference of neutron-star parameters from thermonuclear burst observations

TL;DR

This paper introduces concord, a software suite designed to improve the inference of neutron star parameters from thermonuclear burst observations by accounting for astrophysical uncertainties and facilitating model comparisons.

Contribution

The paper presents a new software toolkit, concord, that systematically incorporates astrophysical uncertainties into neutron star parameter estimation from burst data.

Findings

Concord enables comprehensive model-observation comparisons.

It improves the accuracy of neutron star property inference.

The tools facilitate analysis of extensive burst observation datasets.

Abstract

Thermonuclear (type-I) bursts arise from unstable ignition of accumulated fuel on the surface of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Measurements of burst properties in principle enable observers to infer the properties of the host neutron star and mass donors, but a number of confounding astrophysical effects contribute to systematic uncertainties. Here we describe some commonly-used approaches for determining system parameters, including composition of the burst fuel, and introduce a new suite of software tools, concord, intended to fully account for astrophysical uncertainties. Comparison of observed burst properties with the predictions of numerical models is a complementary method of constraining host properties, and the tools presented here are intended to make comprehensive model-observation comparisons straightforward. When combined with the extensive samples of burst observations accumulated by X-ray observatories, these software tools will provide a step-change in the amount of information that can be inferred about typical burst sources.