Active beam steering enabled by photonic crystal surface emitting laser

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel on-chip active beam steering method using a photonic crystal surface-emitting laser that dynamically controls emission direction without external components, enabling fast, precise beam steering for various applications.

Contribution

The work demonstrates a new conceptual design of a single, integrated laser source capable of dynamic beam steering by mode selection, eliminating passive antennae and external light sources.

Findings

Achieved fast beam steering of 3.2° x 4° within 500 nanoseconds.

Maintained single-mode operation with linewidths as narrow as 1.8 MHz.

Produced emission power of approximately ten milliwatts.

Abstract

Emitting light towards on-demand directions is important for various optoelectronic applications, such as optical communication, displaying, and ranging. However, almost all existing directional emitters are assemblies of passive optical antennae and external light sources, which are usually bulky, fragile, and with unendurable loss of light power. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a new conceptual design of directional emitter, by using a single surface-emitting laser source itself to achieve dynamically controlled beam steering. The laser is built on photonic crystals that operates near the band edges in the continuum. By shrinking laser sizes into tens-of-wavelength, the optical modes quantize in three-dimensional momentum space, and each of them directionally radiates towards the far-field. Further utilizing the luminescence spectrum shifting effect under current injection, we consecutively select a sequence of modes into lasing action and show the laser maintaining in single mode operation with linewidths at a minimum of $1.8$ MHz and emitting power of $\sim$ ten milliwatts, and we demonstrate fast beam steering across a range of $3.2^\circ \times 4^\circ$ in a time scale of $500$ nanoseconds. Our work proposes a novel method for on-chip active beam steering, which could pave the way for the development of automotive, industrial, and robotic applications.