Photon emission in the graphene under the action of a quasiconstant external electric field

TL;DR

This paper develops a nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics framework for graphene under a constant electric field, deriving formulas for photon emission probabilities and analyzing potential experimental observation of the Schwinger effect.

Contribution

It introduces a reduced QED_{3,2} model for graphene interacting with strong electric fields and photons, providing new formulas for photon emission probabilities in this context.

Findings

Derived closed formulas for photon emission probabilities in graphene.

Analyzed angular, polarization, and frequency characteristics of emitted photons.

Discussed conditions for observing the Schwinger effect in laboratory graphene experiments.

Abstract

Following a nonperturbative formulation of strong-field QED developed in our earlier works, and using the Dirac model of the graphene, we construct a reduced QED_{3,2} to describe one species of the Dirac fermions in the graphene interacting with an external electric field and photons. On this base, we consider the photon emission in this model and construct closed formulas for the total probabilities. Using the derived formulas, we study probabilities for the photon emission by an electron and for the photon emission accompanying the vacuum instability in the quasiconstant electric field that acts in the graphene plane during the time interval T. We study angular and polarization distribution of the emission as well as emission characteristics in a high frequency and low frequency approximations. We analyze the applicability of the presented calculations to the graphene physics in laboratory conditions. In fact, we are talking about a possible observation of the Schwinger effect in these conditions.