Constitutive model for the rheology of biological tissue

TL;DR

This paper develops a rheological constitutive model for biological tissue that captures its complex solid-liquid transition, viscoelasticity, and nonlinear shear response, combining simulations and continuum theory.

Contribution

It introduces a novel constitutive model linking cell shape dynamics to tissue rheology, encompassing both solid-liquid transition and nonlinear flow behavior.

Findings

The model accurately describes tissue stress-strain behavior under various shear rates.

It captures the tissue's transition from solid-like to liquid-like states.

The model aligns with simulation data across a broad shear rate spectrum.

Abstract

The rheology of biological tissue is key to processes such as embryo development, wound healing and cancer metastasis. Vertex models of confluent tissue monolayers have uncovered a spontaneous liquid-solid transition tuned by cell shape; and a shear-induced solidification transition of an initially liquid-like tissue. Alongside this jamming/unjamming behaviour, biological tissue also displays an inherent viscoelasticity, with a slow time and rate dependent mechanics. With this motivation, we combine simulations and continuum theory to examine the rheology of the vertex model in nonlinear shear across a full range of shear rates from quastistatic to fast, elucidating its nonlinear stress-strain curves after the inception of shear of finite rate, and its steady state flow curves of stress as a function of strain rate. We formulate a rheological constitutive model that couples cell shape to flow and captures both the tissue solid-liquid transition and its rich linear and nonlinear rheology.