Nanoextraction based on surface nanodroplets for chemical preconcentration and determination

TL;DR

Nanoextraction utilizing surface nanodroplets offers a continuous, efficient, and low-solvent method for preconcentrating and detecting analytes, with recent advances enhancing sensitivity and quantification.

Contribution

This review summarizes the development, formation principles, key features, and recent progress of nanoextraction with surface nanodroplets, highlighting in-droplet chemistry applications.

Findings

Nanoextraction achieves high enrichment factors.

In-droplet chemistry enhances detection sensitivity.

The technique is suitable for continuous flow systems.

Abstract

Liquid-liquid extraction based on surface nanodroplets, namely nanoextraction, can continuously extract and enrich target analytes from the flow of a sample solution. This sample preconcentration technique is easy to operate in a continuous flow system with low organic solvent consumption and a high enrichment factor. In this review, the evolution from single drop microextraction to advanced nanoextraction will be briefly introduced. Also, the formation principle and key features of surface nanodroplets will be summarized. Further, the major findings of nanoextraction combined with in-droplet chemistry toward sensitive and quantitative detection will be discussed. Finally, we will give our perspectives on the future trend of nanoextraction.