A new prospect for jet origin and spectral state transitions with three hybrid accretion flows around black holes

TL;DR

This paper proposes a three-component accretion flow model around black holes, addressing limitations of the traditional two-zone model and offering new insights into jet formation, spectral states, and observed variabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a third accretion flow component that explains various observational phenomena and provides a new framework for jet generation in black hole systems.

Findings

The three-component model explains hysteresis and spectral state transitions.

It offers a new scenario for jet formation aligned with high-energy states.

An expression for jet kinetic power is derived.

Abstract

There is a very popular two-zone accretion disk model that the inner part of the non-advective Keplerian disk (Shakura-Sunyaev disk) can produce hot advection-dominated accretion flow, which can generate high energy power-law radiation and outflows/jets. However, we find that this simple model is inadequate to automatically explain many properties of the sources (such as hysteresis effect, counter-clockwise traversal in a hardness-intensity diagram, peculiar variabilities, and association/non-association of jets in a black hole $X-$ray binary) without considering additional assumptions. We also find some theoretical issues in this model, such as understanding of variation of transition region and formation of an outer disk, which has only Keplerian distribution. Based on the recent theoretical studies on advective disk structures, as well as, many observational behaviors of the accreting black holes, we conclude that there should be a third component (TC) of accretion flow parallel to the two-zone disk model, which can naturally explain all above mentioned issues. Interestingly, this modified model also provides a new scenario for the jet generation and evolution with the TC flow during high energy states, which can make the jet close to the axis. We also find out an expression of jet kinetic power.