Black hole in quantum wave dark matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how fuzzy dark matter influences supermassive black hole shadows and accretion disk luminosity, proposing a new metric and constraining dark matter properties through observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a new spacetime metric combining black hole and fuzzy dark matter effects, and constrains dark matter parameters using shadow observations from EHT.

Findings

Shadow size varies with dark matter core radius and boson mass.

Deviations in shadow and lensing effects are detectable near SMBHs.

Soliton dark matter impacts accretion disk luminosity and gravitational lensing.

Abstract

In this work, we explored the effect of the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) (or wave dark matter) halo on a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Such a dark matter introduces a soliton core density profile, and we treat it ideally as a spherical distribution that surrounds the SMBH located at its center. In this direction, we obtained a new metric due to the union of the black hole and dark matter spacetime geometries. We applied the solution to the two known SMBH - Sgr. A* and M87* and used the empirical data for the shadow diameter by EHT to constrain the soliton core radius $r_\text{c}$ given some values of the boson mass $m_\text{b}$. Then, we examine the behavior of the shadow radius based on such constraints and relative to a static observer. We found that different shadow sizes are perceived at regions $r_\text{obs}<r_\text{c}$ and $r_\text{obs}>r_\text{c}$, and the deviation is greater for values $m_\text{b}<10^{-22}$ eV. Concerning the shadow behavior, we have also analyzed the effect of the soliton profile on the thin-accretion disk. Soliton dark matter effects manifest through the varying luminosity near the event horizon. We also analyzed the weak deflection angle and the produced Einstein rings due to soliton effects. We found considerable deviation, better than the shadow size deviation, for the light source near the SMBH with impact parameters comparable to the soliton core. Our results suggest the possible experimental detection of soliton dark matter effects using an SMBH at the galactic centers.